Economy/Resources - 106. page

According to the German Focus weekly magazine, many German companies have exited China for a number of different reasons. One important reason is that the robot revolution has reduced the German companies’ desire for China.

China has been an ideal country for large-scale companies for many years. It has huge markets and cheap labor. However, the limitations from Chinese political institutions and the ongoing Sino-US trade war have gradually made China less attractive. The heavy debt burden of Chinese private companies has posed potential risks to the Chinese economy. In particular, a new trend has begun to change people’s minds: robots are cheaper than Chinese workers and they can stay in Germany. As a result, the number of German companies that are shifting production abroad has decreased significantly and more and more German companies have begun to withdraw from Asia or Eastern Europe. Among them, well-known German enterprises include Marklin, Adidas, Bosch, and Gigaset Communications. Enterprises that have long been actively promoting digitalization are clearly at the forefront.

The ratio of robots to employed people in Germany is 31:1000, with the density of robots ranking third in the world. Economists have found that the more robots used in industrial countries, the fewer factories move abroad, and the more likely it is to move production back to the home country. Take the United States as a comparison: the United States has a robot density of only 19:1000, ranking seventh in the world. Many fewer U.S. companies than German ones are coming back home.

Source: Radio France International, October 7, 2018
http://rfi.my/3C3G.T

The Central Bank has published recent statistics which show that the rate of personal savings of Chinese residents has dropped. Xinhua reported that in August of 2018, the deposit balance in financial institutions in China increased by 8.3 percent compared to the same period last year. In the past 39 years, the growth rate of the deposit balance of financial institutions has never fallen below 9 percent. Meanwhile the growth of the personal saving rate dropped from 18 percent in 2008 to 7 percent in 2018. According to the article, the reason for the drop in the saving rate was attributable to increases in consumption, to a diversion from savings to wealth investment products and to home purchases.

According to the latest statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics, in the first half of the year, the per capita disposable income was 14,063 yuan (US$2,047), a year over year increase of 6.6 percent, continuing its steady growth since the first quarter, but it is still less than 9.4 percent of the year over year growth in the consumption rate.

Since the beginning of this year, even though the interest rate of wealth investment products has fallen below 5 percent, people still chose to invest because it is nonetheless higher than the rate the bank offers. According to WIND, which provides the statistics for financial data analysis services, at the end of 2017, the size of the money fund assets was 7.1 trillion yuan (US1.03 trillion). Since the beginning of this year, the size of the money fund has been rising, reaching 8.4 trillion yuan in August (US$1.22 trillion).

Buying a home has become another important channel for the placement of resident’s saving. According to the semi-annual reports that a number of banks released this year, the scale of real estate loans from banks is still high. Among 26 listed banks, 19 banks have real estate industry loan balances higher than the same period last year; only 7 bank loan balances have declined. It is dominated by small and medium-sized banks, especially in the third and fourth-tier cities. Down payments and monthly payments quickly consume household savings.

The August financial statistics that the Central Bank released showed that, in August, RMB loans increased by 1.28 trillion yuan (US$186 billion). In terms of sectors, the household sector loans increased by 701.2 billion yuan (US$102 billion), of which short-term loans increased by 259.8 billion yuan (US$37.8 billion) and medium- and long-term loans increased by 4415 million yuan (US$642 million).

The financial expert warned that the risk of decline in the personal savings rate could increase the pressure on the whole society for debt repayment and make it more difficult for the financial system to bear the risk.

Source: Xinhua, October 1, 2018
http://www.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2018-10/01/c_1123512146.htm

Aboluowang published an opinion article titled, “China’s Private Businesses Feel the Squeeze from All Sides.” The translation follows:

As the trade situation between the U.S. and China deteriorates, China’s debate on the role of private and state owned enterprises in the economy has become more intense. Analysts suggest that the debate has even raised concerns about the possibility that the communist government may decide to nationalize private companies.

Under Xi Jinping’s leadership, especially after he abolished restrictions on the term limit of the president, thus allowing him to be in power for life, the party has begun to re-emphasize its leadership at all levels of society, including business.

In June this year, the party announced that it would require all publicly listed companies to set up party organizations. In the past two weeks, with the intensification of tension between Beijing and Washington, articles on the Internet have suggested that private companies should retreat to second line status, and China should move toward a large-scale centralized public-private partnership economy.

In one article, Wu Xiaoping, a senior financial specialist, wrote that the private economy has fulfilled its mission of helping the public economy and should withdraw from the historical arena.

Frank Xie, an associate professor at the University of South Carolina, said that although Wu’s article was strongly opposed, and that even the official media criticized it, the article was not immediately deleted because the government wanted to test public opinion.

Recent remarks that Qiu Xiaoping, the deputy director of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Resources Protection made, were also slammed. Qiu Xiaoping said that private enterprises should be more democratic and called on the Party to lead workers to manage private enterprises jointly and to share profits with each other.

Last week, however, in Northeast Liaoning, Xi Jinping encouraged private companies to be confident. Xi also promised that the Party will resolutely develop, support, guide and protect the private sector. It is unclear whether his remarks meant that the government would be more involved in private companies.

Lu Suiqi, an associate professor at the School of Economics at Peking University, said, “In the context of the US-China trade war, there are concerns that China’s economy will shrink and that the leaders of the Party may sacrifice private enterprises to support state owned enterprises. Although the government has stated that the development of private enterprises is guaranteed, the guiding position that state owned enterprises enjoy should not change.”

Chinese state owned enterprises have long enjoyed a monopoly in important and lucrative areas. They are also hotbeds of corruption, but even though they have 70 percent of China’s financial resources, they only account for about 30 percent of the economic contribution. Private companies receive less money but create 80 percent of jobs and contribute to 60 percent of economic growth.

Many people in China and abroad believe that the state owned enterprises are dragging China’s economy and are an obstruction to free trade. The U.S. in particular is dissatisfied with Chinese state owned enterprises in terms of trade, but the Party may still expand the scale of state owned enterprises.

“The purpose of either nationalizing private companies or expanding the size of state owned enterprises is to increase (the party’s) control,” said Darson Chiu, a scholar at the Taiwan Economic Research Institute. From China’s perspective, “expanding the size of state owned enterprises will enhance the planned economy and make it easier to avoid risks.”

Frank Xie, however, said that if China takes this path, China and the U.S. will have conflicts because this is contrary to what Trump wants China to do. Xie said, “This will only encourage Trump to continue to the next step and then tax the balance of US$ 267 billion worth of goods.”

The major risks China faces, of course, are not just the trade wars. China’s stock market has fallen to its lowest point in four years, and industrial growth has slowed for four consecutive months.

Its economy is facing many problems, including large scale government and corporate debt, as well as tight liquidity.

Last week, Yu Liang, head of China’s real estate giant Vanke, said at a regular meeting that the main goal of the company now is “to live.”

In the auditorium of Vanke, a red banner with two characters “to live” was hanging on the wall. Yu Liang said that China has reached a turning point and no industry can be immune from a negative a economic impact.

Source: Aboluowang, October 3, 2018
http://www.aboluowang.com/2018/1003/1183080.html

The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) recently issued the Blue Book on the Chinese economy, which highlighted the low consumption rate as an issue of concern. On the heels of the publication, the official media reported that Beijing has given orders to “improve the consumption system and mechanisms, and further stimulate the residents’ consumption potential.”

The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council jointly handed out the “Opinion on improving the consumption mechanisms and further stimulating the consumption potential of residents.” It states that there are prominent institutional obstacles that restrict the expansion and upgrading of household consumption.

The opinion points out that key areas of the Chinese consumer market cannot meet the diversified demand from urban and rural residents effectively. The regulation authority has not adapted to the rapid development of the new modes of consumption. The quality standard system lags behind the need for escalated consumption quality and quantity. If the credit system and the consumer rights protection mechanisms do not play effective roles, the set of consumption policies cannot effectively support the rise in the residents’ consumption power.

As the CASS Blue Book reveals, China’s domestic consumption remains weak. The real growth rate of the per capita disposable income of the national residents in the first quarter of 2018 was 6.6 percent, far below the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate. The urban and rural consumption expenditures as a percentage of disposable income hover at a low level of 63 percent.

Source: Central News Agency, September 20, 2018
http://www.cna.com.tw/news/acn/201809200345-1.aspx

Since August, a total of 7 provinces in China discovered that they had pigs suffering from African Swine Flu, which continues to spread across the country. According to a September 14 report from the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the O-type foot-and-mouth disease epidemic occurred in a herd of cattle that was transferred from Gansu Province to Xinjiang.

The official website acknowledged that on September 6, an inspection station in Xinjiang found that a total of eight cattle were suspected of having symptoms of foot-and-mouth disease when they were moved there from Gaotai county of Gansu Province.

On September 7, Xinjiang’s Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center gave a diagnosis of positive for the foot-and-mouth disease virus nucleic acid. The Chinese National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Laboratory confirmed on the 14th that the epidemic was an O-type foot-and-mouth disease epidemic.

The announcement said that, after the outbreak, 47 cattle that exhibited symptoms and others in the same herd were culled and treated. Gansu province has initiated a comprehensive investigation and emergency monitoring.

Source: Central News Agency, September 15, 2018
http://http://www.cna.com.tw/news/acn/201809150154-1.aspx