Christmas Eve in Shanghai revealed a city navigating between commercial celebration and religious caution. While festive decorations adorned streets as marketing elements, religious observances faced increased scrutiny. As one of China’s most cosmopolitan cities and a popular destination for foreign tourists following expanded visa-free policies, Shanghai demonstrated relatively more openness toward Christmas compared to inland cities, yet the celebrations remained notably restrained.
At Xujiahui Cathedral, the main Catholic church in Shanghai’s diocese, authorities deployed additional police officers around churches to manage crowds during Christmas masses. Inside the cathedral, families attended services together, including young children, despite official regulations prohibiting minors under eighteen from participating in religious activities. This reflected citizens’ flexible approach to navigating religious restrictions.
Bishop Shen Bin of Shanghai, who also chairs China’s state-approved Catholic Bishops’ Conference, issued a Christmas pastoral letter emphasizing “strict religious governance” and “simplicity over extravagance.” The letter referenced a national religious initiative focusing on seven prohibitions regulating clergy behavior regarding clothing, food, housing, transportation, and social activities. This campaign, launched in October following criminal investigations into Shaolin Temple’s abbot, aims to implement comprehensive strict governance of religion and advance the “Sinicization” of religious practices.
Enforcement extended beyond churches. One resident reported being detained by police on Christmas Eve for dressing as Santa Claus and distributing apples to passersby, with officers deeming it “bizarre attire.” At the police station, numerous others in Santa costumes awaited processing.
The contrast between Shanghai and less developed regions was stark. Schools in Yunnan and Shanxi provinces issued notices discouraging Christmas celebrations, urging students and families to cultivate “correct worldviews” and “patriotic sentiments” rather than observing Western holidays. The geographic divide highlighted how religious and cultural policies intensify beyond China’s major metropolitan centers.
Sourced: Central News Agency (Taiwan), December 25, 2025
https://www.cna.com.tw/news/acn/202512250110.aspx