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Briefings

World Steel Association Warns China’s Steel Overcapacity Is Harder to Contain as Trade Barriers Rise

The World Steel Association says China’s long-standing steel overcapacity problem is becoming increasingly difficult to resolve. Despite a prolonged property slump and weak domestic demand, China’s crude steel output has hovered near 1 billion tons a year for two decades. Sharp production cuts could have serious economic and employment consequences given steel’s central role in the economy.

High output has driven Chinese steelmakers to boost low-priced exports, pressuring producers in Europe, the United States, and Asia. Worldsteel expects China’s steel demand to decline further in 2025–26 without an economic rebound. In response, countries including Vietnam, Thailand, Mexico, Brazil, the EU, the U.S., and Canada have imposed or expanded anti-dumping and countervailing duties, with some tariffs reaching double-digit levels.

Domestic capacity-cut efforts are constrained by local governments’ reliance on steel for jobs and revenue. Although China is seeking new markets such as the Middle East, rising global trade barriers are narrowing export options, with some analysts forecasting China’s direct steel exports could fall by half within five years.

Source: Epoch Times, December 8, 2025
https://www.epochtimes.com/gb/25/12/8/n14650989.htm

Japan Reports Foreign Purchases of Land in National Security–Sensitive Areas, China Leads

The Japanese government has released data on land and building acquisitions in areas deemed critical for national security in fiscal year 2024. Approximately 3 percent of these properties were acquired by foreign individuals or entities, with nearly half coming from mainland China.

Under Japanese law, land surrounding key facilities—such as Self-Defense Forces bases and nuclear power plants—is strictly regulated due to national security concerns.

In fiscal 2024, there were 113,827 newly acquired properties in these sensitive areas, of which 3,498 (3.1 percent) were obtained by foreign individuals or corporations. By region, mainland China accounted for 1,674 acquisitions, the highest number, followed by Taiwan with 414 and South Korea with 378.

Source: NHK, December 16, 2025
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/zh/news/20251216_ML04/

China Builds Installations in China–South Korea Joint Waters, Raising Security Concerns

A December 9 report by Beyond Parallel, a Korea-focused website run by the U.S. think tank Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), revealed photographs of 16 Chinese installations constructed within the China–South Korea Interim Measures Zone in the Yellow Sea. Under the 2001 China–South Korea Fisheries Agreement, the overlapping exclusive economic zones in the Yellow Sea are designated as jointly managed waters. The report notes that the construction of permanent facilities in this area violates the agreement.

According to the report, China has repeatedly refused South Korea’s requests to remove the installations and has unilaterally declared no-navigation zones around them. Since 2020, South Korean vessels have attempted to monitor Chinese activities 135 times, with 27 of those attempts intercepted by Chinese coast guard ships. Analysts also note that China has deployed 13 multifunctional buoys capable of collecting oceanographic data but potentially usable for underwater surveillance, including monitoring submarine activity—underscoring their dual civilian-military purpose.

Experts argue that these deployments reflect China’s broader “gray-zone” strategy, in which ostensibly civilian facilities are used to advance military objectives and strengthen maritime control. The Yellow Sea is considered strategically vital for Chinese naval operations moving south from bases in Shandong Province and the Bohai Gulf. The report urges the United States and South Korea to consider publicizing the coordinates of the installations. Meanwhile, South Korean media have called for reciprocal measures, citing similar responses by Vietnam, and South Korea has already begun countermeasures, including deploying its own floating platform in disputed waters—officially for environmental research—to monitor Chinese activities.

Source: Epoch Times, December 14, 2025
https://hk.epochtimes.com/news/2025-12-14/16128304

Chinese Police Begin Using AI-Powered Smart Glasses

A video circulating on Chinese social media shows police officers in Tianjin patrolling the streets while wearing AI-enabled smart glasses. The footage demonstrates that the devices can not only recognize people’s identities and vehicle information by connecting to police databases in real time, but also analyze facial expressions and raise alerts.

In one segment, the glasses display details such as green identification frames, scanning prompts, and progress bars. Another clip shows pedestrians at a subway station labeled with “abnormal” expressions, alongside their names and partial ID numbers.

An IT professional in Shenzhen told reporters that these devices are intended for street surveillance and data collection. He noted that experiments with similar technology began as early as 2018 in cities like Beijing and Xi’an, but deployment has accelerated significantly in recent years.

Source: Epoch Times, December 11, 2025
https://www.epochtimes.com/gb/25/12/11/n14653185.htm

China Announces Mandates of National Real-Name Registration and Identification of Civilian Drones

China’s market regulator has issued two mandatory national standards for civilian unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), focusing on real-name registration, activation, and operational identification. Under the new rules, all civilian drones in China must display registration information and complete real-name registration and activation before they can be flown. The standards also require drones to continuously broadcast identity, position, speed, and status data during flight to ensure full visibility and regulatory oversight.

The regulations mandate additional technical requirements, including anti-tampering protections for identification systems and the storage of flight data for at least 120 flight hours. Drones will be prohibited from flying if their identification systems are not functioning properly.

Both standards will take effect on May 1 next year, with transition periods for existing drones and manufacturers. Producers must upgrade older models within 12 months, while previously sold drones will have a 36-month transition period to meet the new requirements. After this period, non-compliant drones will be banned from operation. Authorities also plan to implement product certification and enforce penalties against non-compliant manufacturing and sales.

Source: Huanqiu Times, December 9, 2025
https://uav.huanqiu.com/article/4PTwtDoP9tG

Huanqiu Times: Defending Peace in a Language the Enemy Understands

Huanqiu Times published an article justifying China’s recent military actions toward Japan. On the night of December 9, a joint China–Russia bomber patrol was conducted over international airspace east of the Kuril Islands, approximately 700 kilometers from Tokyo. Commentators noted that the patrol placed Tokyo within the potential strike range of the bombers, which are capable of carrying long-range cruise missiles and hypersonic weapons.

Separately, China stated that its Liaoning aircraft carrier group, operating east of the Miyako Strait in accordance with previously announced schedules, was repeatedly approached and harassed at close range by Japanese F-15 fighter jets. According to China, the Japanese aircraft deliberately attempted to interfere with flight paths and communications, prompting Chinese aircraft to activate fire-control radar in response.

Taiwan leader Lai Ching-te publicly condemned China’s actions as inappropriate.

The article criticized Lai Ching-te and Japanese prime minister Sanae Takaichi, describing them as figures promoting division and militarism. It concludes by stating that China is issuing a calm, firm, and reasoned warning in terms its adversaries understand: China’s sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity are inviolable and will not be compromised.

Source: Huanqiu Times, December 11, 2025
https://taiwan.huanqiu.com/article/4PV6wsMoV9N

Nearly 100 Million Credit Cards Canceled as China’s Card Market Contracts

Over the past three years, China’s credit card industry has undergone a sharp contraction, with nearly 100 million credit cards canceled since 2022. According to the latest data from the People’s Bank of China, the total number of credit cards in circulation — including combined credit and loan cards — fell to about 707 million by the end of the third quarter of 2025, extending a steady downward trend.

Banks are shifting their credit card strategies from rapid expansion toward quality-focused management, driven by tighter regulation and changing market conditions. Major lenders have been actively clearing inactive, or “sleeping,” cards and scaling back new issuances, although a few banks continue to record modest growth in card numbers.

The downturn is also evident in branch closures and weakening consumer usage. This year alone, 63 bank-run credit card centers have shut down. Many banks have reported declines in total card spending and outstanding credit balances, while loan quality has deteriorated, with rising delinquency rates at several major institutions. Analysts attribute the contraction to stricter regulatory policies, shifting consumer payment habits — particularly the rise of mobile payments — and broader economic pressures.

Source: Stock Times, December 8, 2025
https://stcn.com/article/detail/3529096.html

Huanqiu Times: China Emerges as the World’s Largest Robot Producer and a Leading Global Exporter

Huanqiu Times reported, citing Vietnam News Agency, that China has become the world’s largest producer of robots, manufacturing 556,000 industrial robots and nearly 10.52 million service robots in 2024. As technology advances and applications expand, Chinese-made robots are rapidly entering global markets and driving industrial innovation. In 2024, China also became the second-largest exporter of industrial robots worldwide, with exports surging 61.5 percent year over year in the first half of the year.

Beyond industrial robots, Chinese service and humanoid robots are seeing growing international adoption. Shanghai-based Keenon Robotics has deployed service robots in restaurants, hotels, and hospitals across more than 60 countries and regions, while Shenzhen-based Chasing Innovation has exported underwater robots to over 100 countries for seabed exploration, emergency rescue, and scientific research.

Looking ahead, Moga Technology aims to sell over 40,000 humanoid robots and 90,000 robotic dogs globally by 2030, targeting applications such as retail, reception, consultation, and companionship.

Source: Huanqiu Times, December 10, 2025
https://finance.huanqiu.com/article/4PUmHNOgwot