On September 11, 2025, over 500 GB of internal documents from China’s Great Firewall were leaked, exposing operational details, source code, and international deployments. The leak originated from Geedge Networks Ltd., a major Great Firewall contractor, and the MESA Laboratory at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The documents show that Geedge has exported censorship and surveillance technologies to at least five countries, including Kazakhstan, Ethiopia, Myanmar, Pakistan, and an undisclosed state codenamed A24. In Pakistan, the system can track network activity by SIM card; in Ethiopia, monitoring devices were deployed in regional data centers; and in Kazakhstan, government use includes TLS man-in-the-middle interception.
The files also reveal that Geedge has built provincial-level censorship systems to supplement China’s national level system, collaborating with Xinjiang, Jiangsu, and Fujian provinces.
Sources: Epoch Times, September 14, 2025
https://www.epochtimes.com/gb/25/9/13/n14593857.htm
https://www.epochtimes.com/gb/25/9/13/n14593903.htm