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Largest Ever Great Firewall Leak Reveals China’s Exporting Internet Censorship Abroad

On September 11, 2025, over 500 GB of internal documents from China’s Great Firewall were leaked, exposing operational details, source code, and international deployments. The leak originated from Geedge Networks Ltd., a major Great Firewall contractor, and the MESA Laboratory at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The documents show that Geedge has exported censorship and surveillance technologies to at least five countries, including Kazakhstan, Ethiopia, Myanmar, Pakistan, and an undisclosed state codenamed A24. In Pakistan, the system can track network activity by SIM card; in Ethiopia, monitoring devices were deployed in regional data centers; and in Kazakhstan, government use includes TLS man-in-the-middle interception.

The files also reveal that Geedge has built provincial-level censorship systems to supplement China’s national level system, collaborating with Xinjiang, Jiangsu, and Fujian provinces.

Sources: Epoch Times, September 14, 2025
https://www.epochtimes.com/gb/25/9/13/n14593857.htm
https://www.epochtimes.com/gb/25/9/13/n14593903.htm

DW Chinese: Taiwan Steps Up Patrols of Submarine Cables

Deutsche Welle’s Chinese edition recently reported that in February, a Chinese vessel was convicted of allegedly cutting one of Taiwan’s undersea telecommunication cables. Such incidents are viewed as part of Beijing’s “gray-zone tactics,” aimed at draining Taiwan’s resources. In response, Taiwan’s Coast Guard Administration has stepped up 24-hour surveillance in key waters and increased intelligence-sharing with allies.

The Taiwanese government has confirmed two suspected cases of cable sabotage involving Chinese vessels, including one in northern Taiwan. Precautionary measures were heightened after Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, and further reinforced following suspected undersea sabotage in the Baltic Sea. Since then, Taiwan has conducted continuous patrols, though the operations have placed heavy strain on Coast Guard resources. Authorities are also monitoring nearly 400 Chinese-affiliated vessels, including cargo ships believed to be convertible for military use.

In March, Chinese researchers unveiled a compact deep-sea cable-cutting device capable of severing even the most durable underwater communication and power lines at depths of up to 4,000 meters.

Source: DW Chinese, September 12, 2025
https://tinyurl.com/yb32ujpc

Xinhua: UN Adopts Resolution on Cooperation with SCO; Countries Praise China’s Global Governance Initiative

Xinhua reported that on September 5, the 79th UN General Assembly overwhelmingly adopted a China-sponsored resolution on “Cooperation between the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO),” co-sponsored by nearly 40 countries, including all SCO members.

The resolution recognized the SCO’s constructive role in promoting regional peace, development, and cooperation, while encouraging deeper dialogue and collaboration between the UN system and the organization.

China’s UN envoy Geng Shuang noted that the SCO has grown into the world’s largest regional organization. He stated the centerpiece of the recent Tianjin Summit was Xi Jinping’s Global Governance Initiative, describing it as timely given the urgent need for more effective global governance concepts and system.

Representatives from Russia, Pakistan, Iran, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Cuba, Venezuela, Serbia, and other countries commended the SCO’s work and China’s role as rotating chair, stressing that Xi’s initiative aligns with global priorities and could make a significant contribution to improving international governance.

Source: Xinhua, September 6, 2025
http://www.xinhuanet.com/20250906/1ac848e7f47e44d6925204fe45bee911/c.html

China Establishes Huangyan Island National Nature Reserve in South China Sea; Philippines Protests

On September 10, China announced that the State Council had approved the establishment of the Huangyan Island National Nature Reserve in Sansha City, Hainan Province. The reserve, covering 3,523 hectares, is intended to protect coral reef ecosystems. The area lies in the disputed South China Sea region of Scarborough Shoal (known as Huangyan Island in China and Panatag Shoal in the Philippines).

The Philippines condemned the move, claiming it is a pretext for China to assert control over Scarborough Shoal. On September 11, Manila issued a statement “strongly protesting” the reserve, reiterating its sovereignty over the area and exclusive rights to establish environmental protections there.

On the same day, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jian reiterated that Huangyan Island is China’s inherent territory and that the creation of the reserve falls within China’s sovereign rights. He dismissed Manila’s accusations and urged the Philippines to cease provocative actions.

Source: VOA, September 12, 2025
https://www.voachinese.com/a/philippines-strongly-protests-china-s-plan-to-establish-a-nature-reserve-in-disputed-waters-of-the-south-china-sea-20250911/8064969.html

CCP’s Export of Internet Controls Triggers Oli’s Downfall in Nepal

Mass protests in Nepal toppled Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli in just three days after his government imposed sweeping internet restrictions modeled on China’s Great Firewall.

On August 28, the government ordered all foreign social media platforms to register locally within a week and appoint compliance officers. The plan was developed with strong input from Beijing: Oli had visited China in December 2024 and again from August 30 to September 3 this year; a task force from the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP’s) Cyberspace Administration flew to Kathmandu; Huawei and ZTE provided equipment; and Chinese think tanks drafted strategies for controlling online opinion. Nepal was ready to move the CCP’s “Digital Silk Road” final stage – asserting control over the internet.

When the ban took effect on September 4, 26 major platforms – including Facebook, YouTube, X, Instagram, WhatsApp, Reddit, and LinkedIn – were abruptly blocked. The crackdown sparked immediate backlash, as Nepalis realized they had lost not only access to the internet but also their ability to express views and connect with the world.

University students, professionals, and young people led the demonstrations, chanting: “We are not Chinese! Nepal is not Beijing’s testing ground! Get out of our internet!” Within 48 hours, the anti-blockade protests had escalated into a nationwide uprising against Chinese-style internet control, forcing Oli’s resignation. Source: Secret China, September 12, 2025
https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2025/09/12/1087993.html

South Korean President Criticizes Anti-Chinese Demonstrations

South Korean President Lee Jae-myung condemned anti-Chinese demonstrations in Seoul’s Myeongdong district during a cabinet meeting at the presidential office in Yongsan on September 8, characterizing such gatherings as disruptive behavior that exceeds the boundaries of free speech.

President Lee expressed concern over recent discriminatory rallies targeting tourists from specific countries, which he said were deliberately undermining bilateral relations. He requested response measures from relevant government departments regarding these demonstrations.

Minister of the Interior and Safety Yoon Ho-jung reported that authorities have strengthened security around diplomatic facilities and issued warnings to protest organizers. In response, President Lee directed government agencies to actively consider implementing sanctions against those involved.

The anti-Chinese demonstrations have been organized by far-right groups near the Chinese Embassy in Seoul’s Myeongdong area following South Korea’s 21st general election. These protests have created tensions with local businesses in the surrounding commercial district.

The president’s criticism highlights growing diplomatic concerns over the demonstrations, which appear to be straining South Korea’s relationship with China. By calling for potential sanctions and increased security measures, the government is signaling its intention to prevent further escalation of tensions that could damage bilateral ties.

The situation underscores the delicate balance South Korea must maintain in managing domestic political expression while preserving important international relationships in the region.

Source: Yonhap News Agency, September 9, 2025
https://cn.yna.co.kr/view/ACK20250909004200881

SCO Statement Condemning Israeli Airstrikes on Qatar

Huanqiu Times reported that the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) issued a statement condemning Israel’s airstrikes on Hamas members in Qatar:

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) expresses deep concern over Israel’s airstrikes on residential areas in Doha, the capital of Qatar, on September 9, 2025, and condemns this violation of Qatar’s national sovereignty.

Such actions constitute a grave breach of the UN Charter as well as the fundamental norms and principles of international law and are unacceptable.

The SCO has consistently opposed the use or threat of force in international relations and supports resolving tensions in the Middle East through political and diplomatic means.

Member states of the SCO, in line with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and the SCO Charter, believe all illegal acts are intolerable and remain firmly committed to safeguarding international peace and security.

Source: Huanqiu Times, September 13, 2025
https://world.huanqiu.com/article/4OJHg4cwzuG

Vietnam Surpasses India as China’s Fifth-Largest Rare Earth Buyer

Russian outlet Sputnik reported that Vietnam has overtaken India to become China’s fifth-largest importer of rare earths, based on July 2025 trade data. Vietnam’s imports more than doubled to about US$1.3 million, while India’s purchases fell by over one-third, dropping it to eighth place.

Japan remained the top buyer, nearly doubling imports to US$13.8 million. The Netherlands moved into second place, South Korea rose to third, and the United States slipped to fourth after a 20 percent decline in purchases.

The shift highlights Vietnam’s rising importance in the global rare earth supply chain and signals changing dynamics in China’s export market.

Source: Sputnik, August 27, 2025
https://sputniknews.cn/20250827/1067074922.html